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Baluchistan

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
  • Comments

Autonomy’s map

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Baluchistan

Description of the autonomy

One of the four provinces of Pakistan, part of the historical region of the same name, located at the junction of the Middle East and Hindustan. Balochistan is the largest administrative-territorial unit of the country by area but the smallest in population. Baluchistan is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, copper and gold, but remains one of the poorest regions in Pakistan.

The titular ethnic group of Baluchistan is Baluchi that account for slightly more than 50% of the region's population. Language is the defining marker of their differences from the rest of the country. The Baloch language belongs to the north-western Iranian languages; it is close to the Kurdish. Likewise, Balochs differ in their tribal structure. Like most of the Pakistani, they profess Islam of the Sunni type. The territory of Balochistan is inhabited unevenly: Pashtuns that constitute 30% of the regional population reside in the northern and northeastern (the most logistically developed) parts of the province. The proportion of Punjabis in Balochistan is small - about 2%.

In the province, there are high nationalist sentiments ranging from radical separatist to relatively moderate autonomist. At the same time, unlike other regions of Pakistan where ethnic parties representing the titular groups are strong, Baluchi nationalist parties do not have significant support in the parliamentary elections. From time to time, a violent conflict between the rebels of the Liberation Army of Baluchistan and the central government of Pakistan breaks out. Also, there are conflicts between Balochs and other ethnic groups, in particular, Pashtuns.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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