Статистика

Онлайн всего: 2
Гостей: 2
Пользователей: 0

Jammu and Kashmir

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
  • Comments

Autonomy’s map

It is possible to study detailed information in the profile
(in Russian):

Jammu and Kashmir

Description of the autonomy

One of the 29 and the northernmost state of India bordering China and Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir plays an essential role as a buffer zone with neighboring states. In the XIX century, it was ruled by the British Empire. With the division of British India into two dominions in 1947 - Pakistan and India - Jammu and Kashmir initially gained independence, but the Pashtun-Darii militants invaded the territory of the principality and seized its capital, Srinagar. These events forced the head of the region to agree to the accession of the principality to India, which happened in the same 1947. In 1952 the state signed the "Delhi Agreement" with the Indian government, which enshrined provisions reflecting the special constitutional structure of Jammu and Kashmir.

The struggle for the territory of the former principality between India and Pakistan resulted in three Indo-Pakistani wars and constant armed clashes on the border, continuing until today. Also, due to the border location of the province the tensions between the Indian and Chinese sides along the "Line of actual control" exist.

The titular group of Jammu and Kashmir - Kashmiri Muslims - settles in the Kashmir Valley; it professes Islam and speaks Kashmiri. The state is one of the five Indian regions where Hinduism is not dominant. Moreover, this is the only state with the prevalence of the population professing Islam. Religious differences are one of the key factors in the emergence of conflicts within the province. Geographically, historically and ethnoculturally, Jammu and Kashmir is divided into three regions. Apart from the Kashmir Valley, there are Ladakh with Buddhists majority and Jammu, where Hindus prevail. These features affect the political and institutional structure of the state (the composition of regional parliament is based on quotas for all three parts), and on the political process in general (in the region there are strong ethnic-regional parties).

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

Comments

Total comments: 0
Add comments can only registered users.
[ Registration | Login ]
Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
The project is supported by the
Russian Science Foundation
http://rscf.ru/en
Perm State University
Russia, 614990, Perm,
Bukireva street, 15
http://www.en.psu.ru/
Perm Scientific Centre
Russia, 614990, Perm,
Lenina street, 13a
http://www.permsc.ru/
Expert network for the
identity research
http://identityworld.ru/
Идентичность © 2009 - 2024
Хостинг от uWeb