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Inner Mongolia

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
  • Comments

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Inner Mongolia

Description of the autonomy

One of the five autonomous regions of China, Inner Mongolia is located in the north of the country and borders Mongolia and Russia; it is second largest China's province by area. Inner Mongolia is rich in coal, gas, and other natural resources. Economically, Inner Mongolia is a relatively prosperous region, with a significantly higher GRP per capita than the corresponding figure for the country as a whole.

Inner Mongolia became part of China as early as in 1915 when an agreement was reached between the Russian Empire, the Chinese Republic, and the Bogdo-Khan Mongolia. In 1947 Inner Mongolia received the status of autonomy. Kin-state for the region is Mongolia, however, despite the existence of Pan-Mongolian irredentist organizations, the latter occupy a marginal position, and Mongolia officially supports China's territorial integrity.

The titular ethnic group is Mongols; it differs significantly from the predominant Han people in the PRC. The Mongols speak the language belonging to the Altai language family and also profess Buddhism of the Tibetan tradition. In addition, a significant part of the Mongols are nomadic, engaged in agriculture. The Mongols comprise only about 17% of the population of Inner Mongolia, while 70% are Han. Other ethnic groups living on the territory of the autonomy include Manchus, Hui, and Tungusic groups like Daur, Oroqen, and Evenks.

Since the early 1980's, conflicts arise between the Mongolian national organizations and the central government of the PRC. The protest movement of the Mongols, which is met with severe suppression by the central government, is a living part of the historical memory of the indigenous population. It recurs in new waves of contention. To date, the primary reasons for the conflict are forced relocation, the development of the mining industry, the construction of military bases in the region, and the discontent of the Mongols with the confiscation of agricultural land.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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