One of the 22 republics of the Russian Federation. It is located on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus Ridge and on the sloping plains adjacent to it, and part of the Middle Valley (Mozdok district). In the south, it borders on Georgia. The economic base of the region is the industrial complex, which distinguishes it against the background of neighboring predominantly agrarian republics.
Since 1920, North Ossetia was part of the Mountain Republic, in 1924 became North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, and in 1936 the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed. In 1990, it was renamed the Republic of North Ossetia, and since 1995 it became known as the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.
The titular ethnic group is the Ossetians, who are regarded as descendants of Alans. Language is the defining marker of their differences from the titular nation of the country. The Ossetian language belongs to the Iranian group (northeastern subgroup) of the Indo-European family of languages. In the Ossetian language are divided into dialects: the Digor(distributed in the west of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) and the Iron. Ossetians are Orthodox, although traditional Ossetian beliefs that have pre-Christian roots persist.
According to the results of the All-Russian population census of 2010, Ossetians make up the largest share of the population of the republic (65.1%), while Russians make up 20.8%.Наиболее крупными межэтническими конфликтами в регионе в постсоветское время был осетино-ингушский, вопрос о статусе некогда входившего в Ингушетию Пригородного района Северной Осетии остается до конца не разрешенным.