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Kareliya

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
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Autonomy’s map

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Kareliya

Description of the autonomy

One of the 22 republics of the Russian Federation. It is located in the north-west of Russia. In the east, it borders on the Arkhangelsk region, in the south - with the Vologda and Leningrad regions, in the north - with the Murmansk region.

In 1920, in the territories of the Arkhangelsk and Olonets provinces inhabited by Karelians, Karelian Labour Commune was created. In 1923, it was transformed into the Karelian ASSR. After the war with Finland and the annexation of some Finnish territories, the Karelian ASSR was reorganized in 1940 into the Karelo-Finnish SSR. The status of the Union republic was preserved until 1956. After that Karelia became an autonomous republic within the RSFSR. In 1990, the Supreme Council of Karelia adopted a declaration on state sovereignty, and the Karelian ASSR was renamed the Republic of Karelia.

The titular ethnic group is Karelians. Language is the defining marker of their differences from the titular nation of the country. Karelians speak the Karelian language, which belongs to the Baltic-Finnish group of Finno-Ugric languages. The Karelians in Russia are mostly Orthodox.

Karelia is one of the regions with a small share of the titular group in the population. According to the results of the All-Russian Census of 2010, Karelians make up only 7.4% of the population of the republic, while Russians - 82.2%.

The situation in interethnic relations in the republic is assessed as stable.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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