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Walloon Region

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
  • Comments

Autonomy’s map

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Walloon Region

Description of the autonomy

One of the three regions of Belgium, Wallonia occupies the southern part of the country. GRP per capita is much lower compared to Flanders. The province is heavily subsidized. The first associations for the protection of Walloon interests in the context of economically growing Flanders appeared by the end of the XIX century. In response to the activation of the Flemish national movements, in 1968 the "Walloon Association" (Rassemblement Wallon) arose. The crisis in relations between the regions was the main reason for the beginning of the federal reform - a gradual revision of the Belgian constitution. As a result of reforms that started in 1970, a multi-level federative system with three language communities and three territorial regions was established in Belgium. In 1980, the French-speaking Assembly and the Executive Committee of the Francophone Community were created. The formalization of autonomy was enshrined in the San Michel agreements in 1993. A multi-level federal structure, in which most of the functions are concentrated in the hands of the Regions and Communities, allows the latter to solve management issues on their own.

It was in the process of federal reforms that the official name of the Walloon region appeared, although historically it was used as far as back to the 17th century to refer to a population different from the Dutch in cultural and linguistic regards. Walloons constitute an absolute majority of the population of the region. The official language is French. There are Flemish "exclaves" but their size is difficult to estimate: since 1947, according to the decision of the Belgian government, there were no language censuses in the country.

The regionalization of Belgium led to the disintegration of national political parties into regional ones. As a result, Wallonia has its own party system, consisting of Christian-democratic, socialist, liberal, green, regionalist and populist parties.

On the territory of Wallonia (Liege Province), the German language community is located. Unlike the Flemish and Walloon communities, it does not have the authority to regulate the use of language in administration, education and social services. But in practice, German is widely used.

The Walloon region has broad functions in all spheres of economy and management, but economic problems give rise to dissatisfaction with the situation.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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