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Oromia

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
  • Comments

Autonomy’s map

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Oromia

Description of the autonomy

One of the nine ethnic regions of the country. It was established in 1994 after the overthrow of the military regime of the Derg and the coming to power of the EPRDF (The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front).The region of Oromia stretches from the central part of the country to its west and south. It borders on all other autonomies of Ethiopia except for the Tigray region. In addition, Oromia has borders with South Sudan in the west and Kenya in the north. The capital (formally) - Addis Ababa, is also the capital of the Ethiopia, as well as an independent administrative unit. The autonomous status was ensured by the 1994 Constitution.

The titular ethnic group is the Oromo. Until the XVI century. territories of the region were under the rule of various sultanates and kingdoms, most of them were provinces of the Ethiopian Empire. Then Oromo came to these territories, having conquered and assimilated indigenous peoples. Oromia turned into an independent kingdom, but in the XIX century was conquered by the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II.

In spite of the fact that Oromo is Ethiopia's most numerous ethnic group, it always occupied a peripheral position in the Ethiopian state, yielding to the dominant Amhara and Tigrayans. The Oromo language is linked to the Cushitic branch of the Afrasian languages (while the languages of the Amhara and Tigrayans are linked to the Semitic languages). Oromo people are divided into Orthodox and Sunni Muslims. Due to the cultural diversity, Oromo remain poorly consolidated as an ethnic group. They make up about 85% of the population of the region.

Despite the participation of the Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO) in the ruling alliance of EPRDF, separatist sentiments are strong in the region. The activities of the Oromo Liberation Front (OPF), which promotes separatist ideas, are the cause of the main conflicts in the region. In addition, there is a high tension between Oromo and Somalis, due to mutual territorial claims.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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