Gambela - Атлас этнических региональных автономий - Сеть по исследованию идентичности

Description of the autonomy

One of the nine ethnic regions of the country. It was established in 1994 after the overthrow of the military regime of the Derg and the coming to power of the EPRDF (The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front). It is located in the western part of Ethiopia, bordered by South Sudan. The autonomous status was ensured by the 1994 Constitution.

Along with three other regions of the valley (Benishangul-Gumuz, Afar and Somalia) is recognized as the least socially-economically developed region, which accounts for the largest number of federal grants and subsidies.

Gambela is a region created for the Nilotic peoples. The biggest ethnic groups of them are Nuer, Agnuak, Mezhenger, Apana and Komo. In total, they account for more than 70% of the region's population. In the south-west, the indigenous people of Majang live in the rainforests. This group is allocated a separate administrative zone - Majang Nationality Zone (MNZ), which in turn is divided into two districts.

Unlike the dominant ethnic groups of Ethiopia (Amhara, Tigrayans), the Nilotic peoples speak the languages of the Nilo-Saharan family (while the languages of the Amhara and Tigrayans are linked to the Semitic languages). The Nilotic peoples mainly adhere to the different branches of Christianity.

The Gambela Peoples’ Democratic Movement is part of the ruling alliance of RDFEN. The ethnopolitical situation in the region is relatively stable. The largest ethnic conflict in the region recorded was between the ethnic groups Agnuak and Nuer in the early 2000s.

Autonomy's characteristics

Year of the creation of the autonomy:

Geographic

Where is the autonomy situated:
Autonomy area: km²
Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %

Country's characteristics

Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."

Economic

Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %

Ethnic

Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy

Political

Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer