Mindanao - Атлас этнических региональных автономий - Сеть по исследованию идентичности

Description of the autonomy

An autonomous region of the Philippines that occupies the southern part of the Philippine archipelago. The region gained autonomy in the late 1980s in the course of an armed conflict between the separatists and the central government.

The titular ethnic group is the peoples of the Moro (Muslims Moro people), to which 13 ethnic groups are linguistically related. The proportion of the peoples of the Moro in the region's population is more than 90%. Moro is distinguished from Filipinos by language and religion. Moreover, confessional specifics are of paramount importance: unlike the Catholic population of the main part of the country, the Moro are Muslims. Researchers emphasize that the conflict in the Philippines is, first of all, based on religious ground.

The region has a number of specific preferences. Sharia courts operate here, although they only apply to the Muslim population. In addition, in the education system, along with the English and Filipino as an auxiliary, the Arabic language is studied.

The current situation on the island is characterized by extreme ethnopolitical instability. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front, fighting for the establishment of an independent Islamic state in the south of the Philippines, continues its insurgent activities. In the course of a protracted civil war, over 100,000 people were killed in 40 years, another 500,000 were forced to flee the island.

Autonomy's characteristics

Year of the creation of the autonomy:

Geographic

Where is the autonomy situated:
Autonomy area: km²
Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %

Country's characteristics

Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."

Economic

Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %

Ethnic

Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy

Political

Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer