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Tamil Nadu

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
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Tamil Nadu

Description of the autonomy

One of the 19 states of India established on the basis of ethnicity. In Tamil Nada, about 6% of the country's population lives (it is the 7th largest in India). Economically, it is one of India's wealthiest states: GRP per capita is twice the national average. It is located in the south of the country and borders with Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and the union territory of Pondicherry. The capital is the city of Chennai.

The dominant ethnic group - Tamil people - are representatives of Dravidian cultures. They are distinguished by the Tamil language spoken by 90% of the regional population. The Tamil has its own script which is based on brahmi graphics. The language was the primary reason for separating the territories of Andhra Pradesh and Mysore from Madras state.

The latter was renamed in 1968 to Tamil Nadu, thus became an ethnic state. In 2004, the Indian Parliament recognized the Tamil as the country's classical language. However, Tamil is not the language of the court proceedings, postal services or airports of the state, - the situation that causes discontent and fuels the struggle for linguistic rights.

In the colonial period, there was a strong movement for independence in the province that became a basis for the "Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam" political party. DMK nowadays is the leading political force of the state; regionalist, pro-Tamil demands constitute a backbone for its program. The ideology of DMK and other regional parties is based on anti-Brahmanist ideas, and its electoral base consists of listed castes, whose share in Tamil Nadu is higher than the average for India.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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