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Wales

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
  • Comments

Autonomy’s map

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Wales

Description of the autonomy

Historical area and region of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Occupies the peninsula of Wales and the adjacent Anglesey island. The capital is Cardiff. The area of ​​Wales is 8% of the United Kingdom, and 5% of the UK's citizens live on its territory. Wales is the most impoverished region in the United Kingdom.

The Welsh-language word "cymru" means "the land of compatriots" and "Wales" comes from the German "walha" ("foreigner"). In times of the Roman Empire, this name was applied to the peoples of non-Rome origin (strangers). The indigenous people are Welsh people, who have preserved their identity, culture and native language. According to the National Population Census of 2011, 66% of Wales residents identify themselves as Welsh, but most of Wales' territory is predominantly English-speaking, Welsh dominates only in western regions. The Welsh Act of 1993 equalized the Welsh language in all spheres of public life in Wales with English.

The growth of Welsh regionalism was associated with the development of the regional requirements of the Scots and the movement for independence of the Irish in the second half of the XIX-XX centuries. Its result was the adoption of the 1998 Act, which established the Assembly of Wales. The regional parliament received some limited powers: the right to develop and adopt subordinate legislation and regulations aimed at implementing and clarifying laws passed by the national parliament regarding Wales. The new Wales Act of 2006 expanded the powers of the Assembly, but the taxation and budgeting issues are still regulated by the central government. It is these problems that have been the subject of public discussions over the past few years.

The executive devolution in Wales was aimed both at resolving the problems of reducing and overcoming interregional socio-economic disparities, as well as preserving the region as a cultural and historical community and supporting the Welsh language.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

Illustration

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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