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Sardinia

  • Description
  • Parameters of the autonomy
  • Illustrations
  • Comments

Autonomy’s map

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Sardinia

Description of the autonomy

One of the five regions with a special status in the Italian Republic and one of the two located on the islands (the other is Sicily). Sardinia occupies the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea; it is situated to the west of Italy's continental territory and separated from it by the Tyrrhenian Sea. Through the narrow strait to the north of the island lies Corsica (France). Sardinia's area is second largest in Italy after Sicily; its population size is three times less than Sicily's (about 1.639 thousand, 2.8% of the country total).

For statistical purposes, Sardinia, together with Sicily, is included in one of the five macroregions of the Italian state, often referred to as the cultural and geographical macroregion of Southern Italy (Italy - Mezzogiorno). However, economically, the island is more developed than Sicily and most of the other southern Italian regions. Likewise, Sardinia also differs from them historically and culturally, with ethnicity being a salient feature of regional identity.

Sardinia was part of the Sardinian Kingdom (with its capital in Turin), which was the basis for the establishment of a unified Italy in 1861. Consequently, the province has been part of the Italian state since its inception. The region gained special status in the process of Italian Republic formation due to its remote location, salient ethnic identity, and the presence of separatist movements. The autonomous status was enshrined in the Constitution and constitutional law in 1948.

The title group is Sardinians. The Sardinian language (of Roman origin) is officially a subject to protection and development; it is widespread, but inferior to Italian as a language of everyday communication and public service. Most inhabitants (52%) use national Italian language within the family circle (National Institute of Statistics of Italy data). At the same time, studies show that the Sardinian identity has a territorial-cultural nature, in which the linguistic heritage is only one of the elements. In addition to the Sardinian, the inhabitants speak the Catalan, Corsican, and other languages​.

Autonomist and separatist issues are of relative significance in the regions' political sphere. There exists a spectrum of ethno-regional parties in Sardinia, both left and right. The high degree of electoral fragmentation, however, prevents them from playing an important role in political processes.

Autonomy's characteristics

  • Year of the creation of the autonomy:
  • Geographic
  • Where is the autonomy situated:
  • Autonomy area: km²
  • Share of the autonomy in the area of the country: %
  • Autonomy population:the latest census thousands of people
  • Share of the autonomy in the population of the country: %
  • Country's characteristics
  • Level of economic development of the country:GDP per capita in 2015 in current price in $ in $
  • Political regime in the country:It is based on the Freedom House Index, 2015. All countries of the world are located on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Countries whose ratings fall between 1.0 and 2.5 are “Free”, between 3.0 and 5.0 are "Partly Free," and those between 5.5 and 7.0 are "Not Free."
  • Economic
  • Share of the autonomy in the economy of the country:GRP of the autonomy divided to GDP of the country (%) %
  • Level of economic development of the autonomy:relative to the country (%): GRP per capita of the autonomy divided to GDP per capita of the country %
  • Ethnic
  • Share of the dominant in the country ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the dominant in the country ethnic group divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the autonomy:in %: population size of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy divided to overal population size of the autonomy (the latest census; expert estimations) %
  • Ethnic peculiarity:It indicates a key characteristic of autonomy's ethnic identity - language or religion or both
  • Diversity of ethnic composition:The presence of other (in addition to the titular group in the autonomy and the dominant group in the country) significant ethnic groups in the population of the autonomy
  • Political
  • Degree of self-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_selfrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of self-rule: institutional depth; policy scope; fiscal autonomy; borrowing autonomy; and the extent to which a region has an independent legislature and executive. The index takes value from 0 to 18
  • Degree of shared-rule of the autonomy:It is based on the Regional Authority Index project that aims at measuring the powers of all the regions in 81 countries. Here the index "tier_sharedrule" (2010) is used. It summarizes five dimensions of shared-rule: participation of a region in national law-making; intergovernmental meetings; the distribution of national tax revenues; borrowing; and constitutional change. The index takes value from 0 to 12
  • The presence of the "kin-state":"Kin-state" is a state whose main population shares the ethnic characteristics of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy
  • Linguistic preferences:It indicates how the language of the titular ethnic group of the autonomy is learned in secondary schools in the autonomy
  • Ethnic conflicts:It indicates whether the serious conflicts between the autonomy and the central government as well as between ethnic groups within the authority take place in 2001-2015. The level of conflict is determined on the basis of the annual reports of Conflict Barometer

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Added by: LDMitay, 16.11.2017

 
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